Chuck



Sept 6, 1932 c. A. JOHNSON 1,875,737

CHUCK Filed'May 5, 1928 2 Sheets-Sheet l Sept. 6, 1932. c. A. JOHNSON CHUCK lFiled may 5, 1928 2 sheets-sheet 2 l f In.,

Patented Sept. 6, 11932 UNITED STATES CHARLES A. JOHNSON, or UNIONVILLE,` CONNECTICUT CHUCK .lippuea'tnmmea` May 5, 192s. serial No. 275,319.

' My invention relates to the class ofdevic'es employed for holding, drills, bits and similar tools, and an object of my invention, among others, isthe production of a device'of this kind'that shall be particularly effective inthe results obtained in its use, and particularly one in which an'extremely tight grip may be obtained on the shank of a tool held thereby.

One form of a chuck embodying my invention and in the `construction and use of which the objects herein set out, as well as others,

may be attained, is illustrated in the accom panying drawings, in whichf j Y Figurel is a side view of a chuck shown as attached to one end of a bit stock, `and embodying my invention.

Figure 2 is an end view of the same. c j j Figure 3 is a view in central lengthwise section'through my improved chuck.

Figure 4 is a View in cross section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 4 4 of Figure 3.

Figure 5 is an end view of the socket located at the end of the handle and showing my improved chuck attached thereto. i Figure 6 is a view in central lengthwise section through the outer end of the chuck on a plane extending at right angles to the plane of view of Figure 3. Y

Figure 7 is a view, scale enlarged, in cross section through the chuck body and on a plane denoted by the dotted line 7-7 of Figure 3, and illustrating the form of the two gripping edges of the chuck jaws which are shown as separated.

Figure 8 is a similar viewthrough the aws only but which are shown as closed.

Figure 9 is an isometric view showing the method of attachment of the chuck jaws to Vthe jaw carrying head, one of the jaws being shown as broken off. j Figure 1,0 is a view, scale enlarged, partially in lengthwise section through the center of one end of the body and through the socket illustrating the clutch for'securing the body f and socket together.

Figure 11 is a view in section on a plane denoted by the dotted line 11-11yof Figure 10. A

Figure 12 is a similar view on a plane denoted by the dotted line 124-12 of Figure 10.

'i Whilev my invention is not limited 4to a chuck to be used in connection with any'particular type of mechanism for lrotating it,yet

as I have foundit to be particularly applim cable for use in connection lwith bitstocksI "55 have selected such type of tool for the purpose of disclosure of my invention herein, only such portion of a tool of this kind, vhov`vever, which is suflicient for a clear under- .n standing ofV my invention being illustrated. "b In the drawings the numeral 10 indicatesa portion of the handle of a bit stock having a socket 11 formed preferably integral therewith'and extending substantially at right'an- M gles to the portion of the handleshown.y A c5 chuck body 12 has one end extending intosaid socket and is freely rotatably attached to the bottom vof the socket as by means of la re-A l duc'edjendV extending thru avhole in said bttom andiitt'ed-with al nut outside ofthe* socket, andas shown in Figure'3 of the draw-y ings. `This enables the handle to be'trned independently of the body except whenfsecured thereto by means to be hereinafter def scribed. A hole 13 extends inwardly from l" the outer end of the chuck body and oppositely arranged slots 14 extendl from said hole to the outer surface of the body and for a portion of thedepth of the hole, and as Y,... shownin Figure 3. 80

v A jaw carrier comprising ahead 15 anda shank 16 islocated within the chuck body, said head beinglocated in the slots 14*y and said shank `extending into"l the hole 13. An opening 17 of angular shape in cross section extends inwardly fromv the fouter end ofthe carrier, said opening terminating at its 'inner end in a closed round hole 18 comprising the bottom of said opening. y

vThe end of the head 15 is preferablyv tapered in opposite directions to form a ribj' to be received in grooves 19 in the ends ochuck jaws 20 that are secured to -the carrier by means of springs 21, preferably coiled, that serve as couplings for attachment of the jaws' 9 to theV carrier,'each` spring or coupling being attached at one end within a recess 22 in the end of'ajaw and extendingthrougha slot 23 andA into a hole24 in' the heady 15, and in which here the opposa@ and of the Spring 10 is secured, and as shown in Figure 3' of the drawings. rllhe coils of the spring are prei erably closed against each other so that the principal action is to exert a lateral force on 5 the jaws, but at the same time to hold the jaws resiliently against the end of the head 15 with the ribs thereon located in the 'grooves 19 in the jaws. The opening 18 from its mouth inwardly to a certain extent is tapered and of angular shape in cross section, this shape,`as shown herein, being square. This enables the ends of drills that are of this general shape tobe securely and iirmly held, partially within the angular shaped part of the opening vand partially between the jaws 20. With drills having round Shanks the inner ends are located in the hole 18 while the shank further down is grasped by the jaws 2O thus `Iirmly and se- 20 curely holding the tool.

Y The jaw closing sleeve is internally threaded to fit upon the threaded outer sur- 'face of the body 12, a jaw closing cap 26 being secured within the outer end of the ,95 sleeve and having a tapered opening to impinge against the tapered edges of the jaws to'close said jaws together, in a manner common to structures of this class. A collar 27 is secured to that end of the sleeve opposite the cap 26, as by means of interengaging screw threads, this collar closing the openingvbetween the end of the sleeve andthe body 12, and also acting as a bearing to permit free movement of the sleeveron the body.

In the operation of the device thus tardescribed the jaws are closed together by rotation of the sleeve 25 in `one direction on the body, and the jaws are loosenedby rotation of the sleeve in the opposite direction, in this 49 latter movement the springs acting to move the jaws apart but retaining them in engagement with the end of the head 15. In securing the cap 26 to the sleeve 25 I provide a groove in the sleeve to receive a flange on the end of the cap. In doing'this I provide a shoulder 41 on the sleeve against which the inner end of the lcap is secured by means of a lip 42 on the end of the sleeve turned inward against a shoulder on the cap formed 50 by said llange, and as shown in Figures 3 and 6 of the drawings. y

It will, of course, be understood that the body 12 must be held against rotation in the operation of the sleeve 25 to loosen or tighten the jaws with respect to a tool shank, and it is also desirable to have the handle rotatable independently of the body at times either in one direction or in the oppositepdirection, this, however, being a feature common to bit stocks at the present time. Any desired mechanism for accomplishing this purpose may be employed, in the structure herein shown a clutch collar 28 being rotatably mounted on the body for operation of detents tor secure the chuck bodv and socket 11V together; When in a central position the clutch collar positions the detents so that the socket 11 is rigidly secured to the body for rotation of the latter in both directions. When said collar is rotated in one direction from this central position the socketwill be secured to the chuck body to rotate the latterin one direction only and when said collar is rotated in the opposite direction from the central position the socket will be secured to said body to rotate it in the opposite direction only and in a manner to be hereinafter described. Y

In order to obtain an extra tight grip'of the jaws'20 on a tool shank I provide a tightening screw 29 threaded into the smaller part of the hole 13 in the chuck body hereinbei'ore referred to, said screw extending through said body 12, and as shown in Figure 3 of the drawings.` This screw extends from the'outer end of the body into the largerpart ot' the hole or opening 13, said screw abutting at its inner end against the end of the shank 16. The outer end oit this screw is provided with a holding lever 30pivotally attached to the screw and having a lip adapted to engage a holding notch 31 in the end of the socket 11.

After the jaws have been set up against a tool shank as much as possible by the use of the sleeve 25 in the manner hereinbefore described the clutch collar 28 is turned to free the socket 11 from the body 12 so that the handle may be turned independently of said body. The lip of the lever 30 being now engaged with the notch 31 and the sleeve 25 being held against rotation the body 12 will also be held against rotation, and rotating movement being given to the handle 10 in the proper direction a further and much tighter grip of the chuck jaws on the tool shank will be obtained.` The threads on the sleeve 25 and screw 29, in the structure herein shown,

are right hand threads, thesleeve 25 being c turned to the right to tighten the jaws and consequently the handle 10 will be turned in the opposite direction while the sleeve 25 is held to obtain the action of the' screw 29 for tightening the jaws.' Y j The jaws 20 are .provided withV gripping teeth 32 arranged in sets on opposite sides of the jaw and the teeth in one set being preferably staggered with respect tothe teeth-'in v The clutchfor connecting the body 12 andY 3':

socket 11, hereinbefore referred to, may be of any ordinary type, that illustrated herein satisfactorily accomplishing the purpose, but it will be understood that other types may be employed. This mechanism, briefly stated, embodiestwo detents -36 located in grooves in the body l2 and having their opposite edges adapted to engage ratchet teeth V37 formed on the inner wall of the chamber in the socket ll. A spring 38 of circular form operates to force the toothed edges of the detents toward said ratchet teeth. j

The clutch collar 28 has a controlling notch 39 within which the detents 35 and 36 are adapted to project, the edges of this notchV operating on said detents to throw them into or out of position for engagement with or disengagement from the ratchet teeth 37, in a manner that will be readily understood.

The collar 28 may be releasably held as by means of a yielding detent 40 engaging notches on the inner surface of the ring and as shown in Figures 10 and 1l of the drawings in a manner that will be readily understood.

This detent 40 also acts as a stop to limit turning movement in both directions and this comprises a novel feature of my invention. This detent is seated on a spring, as shown in Figure 11. A stop pin 43 projects outward from the bottom of the socket 44 within which said spring is located, and within said spring. There are three detent receiving notches 45 located adjacent each other with ridges 46 btween them, the central notch locating the ring 28 in its central position and the outside notches locating said ring to engage one or the other of the detents 35-36 with the ratchet teeth 37 If the ring 28 be turned in either direction beyond these limits for engagement of the detents with said ratchet teeth it would be a diihcult matter to again correctly position said ring, and it is the function of the stop hereinbefore mentioned to prevent turning movement of the ring 28 beyond said limits. The ridges 46 are less in height than the shoulders 47 formed by the outside notches and as shown in Figure 11. This permits the detent 40 to pass over said ridges without hindrance by the pin 43, but said pin will prevent said detent from moving inward far enough to pass the shoulders 47 and thereby a stop is formed to limit turning movement of the ring 28 at certain points in opposite directions.

In accordance with the provisions of the patent statutes I have describedthe principles Vof operation of my invention, together with the device which I now consider to represent the best embodiment thereof; but I desire to have it understood that the device shown is f only illustrative and that the invention may journaled in said support, chuck jaws movably mounted in said body, a clampings'leeve threadedly engaging said body, means for with respectto said body for rotation o ftthe support independentlyoforwith the body, a tightening screw threadedly engaging Lsaid body, andmeans for detachablyconnecting said screw with said support for rotation 3. 4A chuclrincluding a support, 'body attachedV to .said support, chuck jaws movably mounted in said body, a clamping sleeve threadedly engaging said body, `means for disconnecting said support from said body for rotation of the support independently of the body, avtightening screw threadedly engaging said support, a holding lever movably attached to-said screw, and means on said support to engage said lever for rotation of said Ascrew with said support;

4. A chuck including a support, a body attached to said support, chuck jaws niovably mounted in said body, a clamping sleeve threadedly engaging said body, means for disconnectingv saidsuppo'rt from said body for rotation of the support independently of the body, a. jaw carrier located'within the body and on which carrier the jaws are mounted, a tightening screw projecting from the outer end of the body therethrough to contact with said carrier, Va lever pivotally mounted on the projecting end of said screw, and means for detachably securing the lever to the support.

5. A chuck including a body, a loosely mounted jaw carrier attached to said body, chuck jaws, coiled springs maintained under lateral compression and'each secured at one end to a chuck jaw and at its opposite end to said carrier to attach said jaws to the carrier and to exert a lateral force on said jaws, and a sleeve mounted on the body for operating said jaws. Y

6. A chuck including a body, a jaw carrier separately formed from and loosely supported by said body, chuck jaws, interengaging ribs and grooves between the jaws and carrier, flexible members attached to said jaws to connect them with said body, and a sleeve mounted on the body for operating said jaws.

7. A chuck including a body, a jaw carrier loosely attached to said body and having longitudinal slots and diagonal holes therein, chuck jaws, flexible members attached to said jaws and each extending along Va slot and into a hole to be secured to said vcarrier l to loosely attach the jaws tothe carrier, and a sleeve mounted on the body for operating said jaws. I

`8. A chuck including a support, a body jOurnaled in said support, chuck jaws movably mounted in said body, means for tightening said jaws, means for disconnecting said support from said body for rotation of the support independently of the body, supple- M mental jaw tightening means movably mounted in said body, and means for selectively connecting said supplemental tightening means to said support for rotation therewith. y i 9. A chuck including' a body, a jaw carrier V loosely attached to said body andfmovable independently thereof, transversely movable chuckfjaws slidable on said carrier, interengaging guiding Ameans between'the jaws andl carrier, means for retaining said interengaging guiding means in Contact, `and means for tightening the jaws. f

10. A chuck including a body, a jaw carrier loosely attached to said body and movable independently thereof, transversely movable chuck jaws, interengaging guiding means for said transverse movement between the ends of the aws and the carrier, resilient means connected to Vsaid jaws and the jaw A n carrier for supporting the jaws and for pressing the jaws against the carrier, and means for tightening the jaws.

' CHARLES A. JOHNSON.

CII; 

